How to Join the Merchant Navy in India: Complete Guide (2026)

Many students in India consider the Merchant Navy as a career that combines technical work with global travel. It offers structured training, clear career progression, and strong earning potential. Unlike many office-based jobs, this field involves working on cargo ships, tankers, or passenger vessels that operate across international trade routes.

Every year, thousands of candidates search for information on how to join the Merchant Navy, but many struggle to understand the exact application and selection process. The journey involves specific eligibility criteria, entrance exams, medical requirements, and training from approved maritime institutes.

In this blog, you will learn what qualifications you need, how the selection process works, which courses to choose, and how career progression unfolds after joining.

What is the Merchant Navy?

The Merchant Navy is a civilian shipping industry responsible for transporting passengers, goods, oil, and raw materials across global trade routes. Unlike the Indian Navy, it is not part of the Indian Armed Forces. Around 80-90% of world trade is carried by sea, making the Merchant Navy a critical part of the global economy.

In India, the Merchant Navy is regulated by the Directorate General of Shipping (DG Shipping), which functions under the Ministry of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways. The DG Shipping oversees maritime education and training, approves institutes and courses, issues certifications required for seafarers, and enforces safety and competency standards.

Merchant Navy officers work for private shipping companies rather than the government. They serve on various types of vessels, including cargo ships, oil tankers, container ships, and passenger ships. Indian seafarers often work on foreign-flagged vessels operating under different national registries. Internationally, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) sets global safety, training, and operational standards for the shipping industry. 

Students researching how to join the Merchant Navy in India are often drawn to the sector for its global exposure, structured career progression, and competitive salaries.

Why Choose a Career in the Merchant Navy?

Students are often curious about how to join the Merchant Navy after graduation. This career attracts many due to its competitive salary structure, international exposure, and long-term growth potential. Below are some key reasons why the Merchant Navy is considered a strong career option in 2026. 

• Lucrative Salaries: Merchant Navy salaries are generally higher than many land-based entry-level jobs. Even cadet and junior officer roles offer attractive pay, while senior ranks such as Captain and Chief Engineer can earn significantly higher monthly incomes, depending on experience and company. 
• Tax Benefits: Seafarers who spend more than 182 days outside India in a financial year may qualify for non-resident tax status. It can offer tax advantages under Indian income tax regulations, subject to eligibility conditions. 
• International Exposure: Professionals in the Merchant Navy travel to ports across Asia, Europe, Africa, and the Americas. It provides global exposure, cross-cultural experience, and a broader professional outlook. 
• Career Progression: Promotion in the Merchant Navy is based on sea service experience and mandatory competency examinations. With consistent progression, cadets can become officers in a few years, while reaching senior ranks such as Captain or Chief Engineer typically requires several years of sea experience and certifications. 
• Job Stability: Since a large share of global trade is transported by sea, the shipping industry remains essential to the global economy. It creates a steady demand for qualified seafarers, although employment can still be influenced by global trade cycles. 
• Rotational Work Schedule: Seafarers typically work onboard ships for a contract period of around 4–6 months, followed by paid leave of 2–3 months, depending on company policies and rank. 

Eligibility Criteria to Join the Merchant Navy Opportunities [with Selection Process]

Meeting the eligibility criteria is the very first step for students wondering how to join the Merchant Navy. Below is a clear breakdown of the academic, age, medical fitness, and other requirements.

i. Academic Qualification

Students who want to understand how to join the Merchant Navy after Class 12 or graduation must meet specific educational requirements depending on the course and stream. The criteria may vary slightly across DG Shipping-approved institutes. 

Course	Minimum Qualification
B.Sc Nautical Science / B.Tech Marine Engineering	10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics (generally 60% aggregate in PCM)
Diploma in Nautical Science (DNS)	10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics (PCM required)
Graduate Marine Engineering (GME)	B.E./B.Tech in Mechanical or Electrical Engineering
GP Rating Course	10th or 12th pass (requirements vary by institute)
Saloon Rating Course	10th or 12th pass
Electro-Technical Officer (ETO)	B.E./B.Tech in Electrical, Electronics, or related fields

ii. Age Limit

The general age criteria to join the Merchant Navy in India are:

• Minimum Age: 17.5 years
• Maximum Age: 25 years (varies by course and institute)

Some sponsored or private programs may offer slight age relaxations depending on company policies.

iii. Medical Fitness

Medical fitness is mandatory because Merchant Navy professionals work in challenging environments at sea. Candidates must undergo a medical examination conducted by a DG Shipping-approved doctor or medical center. The general requirements include:

• Good overall physical and mental fitness
• No color blindness (especially for deck-related roles)
• Vision standards vary by department (deck, engine, ETO), with stricter requirements for navigational roles
• Hearing and general health must meet maritime fitness standards

iv. Other Requirements

In addition to the above, candidates must also meet the following conditions:

• Valid Passport: A passport is required before joining a ship and is often needed during the selection or sponsorship stage. 
• English Proficiency: English is mandatory in Class 10 or 12, as all maritime communication is in English.
• Sea Service Readiness: Candidates must be prepared for long contracts onboard ships, typically lasting several months away from home. 

Merchant Navy Entrance Exams

To join the Merchant Navy, candidates must qualify through entrance exams or selection processes, depending on the course and institute. These exams assess knowledge of Physics, Mathematics, and English, as well as aptitude, which are essential for maritime training. Here’s an overview of the merchant navy entrance exams you can take:

1. IMU-CET (Indian Maritime University Common Entrance Test)

IMU-CET is the most widely recognized entrance exam for maritime education in India. The Indian Maritime University conducts the examination. Through this exam, you can take admission into various undergraduate and diploma-level maritime courses. The exam tests candidates in the following subjects and areas:

• Mathematics
• Physics
• English
• General Aptitude

IMU-CET is primarily used for admission into IMU-affiliated maritime institutes offering courses such as B.Sc Nautical Science, B.Tech Marine Engineering, and Diploma in Nautical Science (DNS). While IMU-CET is not a direct job placement exam, it is a key gateway for students who want to build a career in the Merchant Navy through structured academic training. This exam is relevant for candidates aiming for officer-level roles in the Deck and Engine departments, including Deck Cadet, Engine Cadet, Third Officer, and Fourth Engineer.

2. AIMNET (All India Merchant Navy Entrance Test)

A group of private maritime institutes and shipping companies conducts AIMNET to evaluate candidates for admission to courses such as the Diploma in Nautical Science (DNS) and the GP Rating. Participating institutes use AIMNET as part of their internal selection or admission process for DG Shipping-approved maritime training programs.

AIMNET is not a national-level standardized entrance exam like IMU-CET, and its acceptance is limited to specific institutes that conduct or recognize it. Candidates should always verify whether the institute is approved by the Directorate General of Shipping (DG Shipping) before applying. This exam is primarily relevant to entry-level Merchant Navy training routes, including GP Rating programs and cadet-level foundational courses that lead to careers in the Deck or Engine departments.

3. Company-Sponsored Entrance Tests

Several shipping companies, including the Shipping Corporation of India (SCI), Anglo-Eastern, and Fleet Management, conduct their own selection processes for cadet sponsorship programs. These typically include a written aptitude test, followed by interviews and medical examinations.

Company sponsorship programs select candidates for pre-sea training under the company’s cadetship scheme, primarily for Deck Cadet and Engine Cadet entry-level roles.

The key benefits of company sponsorship:

• The company may cover part or all of the training expenses, depending on the sponsorship policy
• Candidates receive structured training and sea-time opportunities under the sponsoring company
• The program provides a defined pathway toward becoming an officer, subject to successful completion of training, sea service requirements, and competency examinations.

After selection, candidates undergo pre-sea training and are placed on company vessels for onboard training, subject to performance, medical fitness, and availability of placements. Sponsorship does not guarantee permanent employment. However, it significantly improves the likelihood of structured placement and career progression within the sponsoring company.

Step-by-Step Process of How to Join the Merchant Navy in India

Joining the Merchant Navy involves a structured sequence of steps, from completing your 10+2 education to passing competency exams and earning your Certificate of Competency. The process typically takes several years, combining academic training, safety courses, sea service, and examinations. If you’re considering how to join the merchant navy after graduation, below is a clear, step-by-step breakdown of the entire journey:  

Step 1: Complete 10+2 with Required Subjects

To join officer-level courses, candidates must complete 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics (PCM). Most DG Shipping-approved institutes require a minimum of around 60% in PCM and qualifying marks in English. For GP Rating or Saloon Rating courses, candidates from any stream (10th or 12th pass) may apply, depending on the institute’s requirements.

Step 2: Choose Your Department and Course

Candidates must choose between the following departments and course:

• Deck Department (Navigation)
• Engine Department (Technical operations)
• Catering/Saloon Department

This decision determines the course and career progression route.

Step 3: Complete a Medical Fitness Examination

You must undergo a medical fitness examination conducted by a DG Shipping-approved physician. It is required both before admission to a course and before joining a ship. The test evaluates vision, hearing, physical fitness, and overall medical suitability for life at sea. 

Step 4: Appear for the Relevant Entrance Exam

Depending on the course and institute, you will need to take entrance exams such as IMU-CET, AIMNET, or company-specific aptitude tests. Focus your preparation on Mathematics, Physics, and English. Many coaching institutes across India offer specialized preparation for IMU-CET.

Step 5: Enroll in a DG Shipping-Approved Institute

You can only receive a valid maritime certificate from an institute approved by the Directorate General of Shipping (DG Shipping). Choose your institute carefully and verify its approval status on the official DG Shipping website. Once enrolled, complete the required classroom and simulator-based training as per your course curriculum.

Step 6: Complete STCW Basic Safety Training

Every seafarer must complete four mandatory STCW basic modular courses:

• Personal Survival Techniques (PST)
• Fire Prevention and Fire Fighting (FPFF)
• Elementary First Aid (EFA)
• Personal Safety and Social Responsibilities (PSSR)

These courses are typically undertaken as part of your pre-sea training.

Step 7: Obtain Your Continuous Discharge Certificate (CDC) and Passport

The Continuous Discharge Certificate (CDC) is an official seafarer identity document that records your sea service and is mandatory for joining a merchant ship. It is issued by the Directorate General of Shipping (DG Shipping) through its Mercantile Marine Department (MMD) offices.

A valid Indian passport is also required before joining a vessel, as it serves as your primary international travel document for onboard employment. Both the CDC and the passport are essential documents for a career in the Merchant Navy and should be applied for well in advance, as processing may take several weeks.

Step 8: Complete Pre-Sea Training and Join a Ship as a Cadet or Rating

After finishing your pre-sea training, you will join a ship as a cadet (officer-track) or as a rating (crew-level). While on board, you must complete a specific number of sea service hours and document your training in the Training Record Book (TRB).

The required sea time depends on your department. Deck Cadets complete 18 months of onboard training and attend courses for an additional 7 months before sitting the 2nd Officer (II Mate) competency exam. Engine Cadets complete 36 months of onboard training and attend courses for 4 months before sitting the Class IV (3rd Engineer) exam conducted by the Government of India.

Step 9: Pass the Competency Examinations

Once you have completed the required sea service, you must appear for competency examinations conducted by DG Shipping examiners. These exams include both written and oral components. After successfully passing them, you will receive a Certificate of Competency (CoC), which authorizes you to work as a certified officer or engineer on a merchant vessel. With subsequent sea time and further exams, officers can progress to Chief Officer, Captain, or Chief Engineer in approximately 6 years of sea service. 

Departments in the Merchant Navy

A merchant ship is organized into three main departments: Deck, Engine, and Catering. Each department has distinct roles, ranks, responsibilities, and entry requirements. Choosing the right department depends on your educational background, skills, and career goals. The departments include: 

i. Deck Department

The Deck Department is responsible for navigating the ship, ensuring cargo safety, and managing overall bridge operations. It is the most sought-after department among Indian seafarers because of its clear career progression and the prestige of becoming a Captain.

1. Ranks (from Entry-Level to Highest): Deck Cadet → Third Officer → Second Officer → Chief Officer → Captain (Master)

2. Key Responsibilities

• Safely navigate the ship from one port to another
• Coordinate the loading, stowage, and unloading of cargo
• Ensure safety equipment is functioning and drill exercises are carried out
• Maintain navigational watch and logs

3. Entry Courses

• B.Sc. in Nautical Science (3 years)
• Diploma in Nautical Science / DNS (1 year + sea time)
• GP Rating Deck Course (6 months)

4. Eligibility

• 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics (minimum 60% for officer courses)

ii. Engine Department

The Engine Department operates and maintains all machinery on board, including the main engine, generators, pumps, and electrical systems. This department is ideal for students with an engineering or mechanical background.

1. Ranks (from Entry-Level to Highest): Engine Cadet → Fourth Engineer → Third Engineer → Second Engineer → Chief Engineer

2. Key Responsibilities

• Operate and maintain the main propulsion engine
• Run and repair electrical systems, pumps, and auxiliary machinery
• Perform scheduled maintenance and troubleshoot breakdowns
• Monitor fuel consumption and mechanical efficiency

3. Entry Courses

• B.Tech in Marine Engineering (4 years)
• Graduate Marine Engineering / GME (1 year post B.Tech)
• Electro-Technical Officer / ETO Course
• GP Rating Engine Course (6 months)

4. Eligibility 

• For GME and ETO: B.E./B.Tech in Mechanical or Electrical Engineering
• For a direct entry marine engineering degree: 10+2 with PCM

iii. Catering Department

The Catering Department is responsible for preparing meals, managing supplies, and maintaining cleanliness in living areas. This department is ideal for those interested in hospitality management, cooking, or housekeeping services.

1. Ranks (from Entry-Level to Highest): Saloon Rating → Chief Steward / Chief Cook → Catering Officer

2. Key Responsibilities

• Plan and cook meals for both crew and officers
• Manage the ship’s pantry, food stores, and other supplies
• Ensure overall cleanliness on board, including officer and guest accommodations
• Maintain hygiene and food safety standards

3. Entry Courses

• Saloon Rating (Marine Catering) Course – 6 months
• Hotel Management background preferred

4. Eligibility

• 10+2 in any stream with a minimum of 40% aggregate

Merchant Navy Salary in India

This section of the blog on how to join the merchant navy also explores the salary you can earn after joining any of the departments. A career in the merchant navy offers some of the highest salaries in India. However, your exact pay depends on several factors, including your rank, years of sea experience, type of vessel, and your employer. Here is the salary estimate for a merchant navy: 

i. Deck Department Salary

The Deck Department offers some of the highest-paying roles in the Merchant Navy, especially at senior levels. Officers in this department are responsible for navigation, cargo operations, and overall ship safety.

Rank	Approximate Monthly Salary (INR)
Deck Cadet	₹30,000 – ₹70,000
Third Officer	₹1,99,000 – ₹3,50,000
Second Officer	₹3,33,000 – ₹4,15,000
Chief Officer	₹5,40,000 – ₹7,90,000
Captain / Master	₹6,66,000 – ₹11,65,000

ii. Engine Department Salary

The Engine Department offers strong salary growth for technically skilled professionals. Engineers are responsible for operating and maintaining the ship’s engines, machinery, and electrical systems.

Rank	Approximate Monthly Salary (INR)
Engine Cadet	₹2,60,000 – ₹2,90,000
Fourth Engineer	₹1,00,000 – ₹1,10,000
Third Engineer	₹15,70,000 – ₹17,30,000
Second Engineer	₹24,60,000 – ₹31,60,000
Chief Engineer	₹46,10,000 – ₹41,70,000

iii. Catering Department Salary

The Catering Department offers stable income and career opportunities for professionals involved in food preparation, housekeeping, and onboard hospitality services. Salaries depend on the type of ship, experience level, and job role. Cruise ships and international vessels often provide better pay and additional onboard benefits.

Rank	Approximate Monthly Salary (INR)
Saloon Rating / Cook	₹1,00,000 – ₹1,10,000
Chief Cook / Chief Steward	₹5,30,000 – ₹5,90,000

Conclusion

A career in the Merchant Navy is a unique opportunity that is highly technical, international in scope, and economically rewarding. With India being a significant contributor to the global maritime industry, there are even greater opportunities for Indian seafarers. If you are still wondering how to join the Merchant Navy, start by choosing the right course based on your educational background, clearing the required entrance exam, and enrolling in a DG Shipping-approved institute. With hard work, discipline, and the right skills, you can build a stable and respected career while traveling across different countries and gaining global exposure. 

If you found this guide on joining the Merchant Navy helpful, you may also be interested in other stable and rewarding career opportunities in India. Learn about how to get a Railway Job in India, with the application process, exams, and eligibility requirements.

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